Ask HN: What are some Linux tools to diagnose a system which keeps hanging?

I have a laptop which runs Ubuntu. After running for a while (sometimes 5-10 mins, sometimes more), the system hangs and stops responding to keyboard or mouse inputs. Before I open the system up or take them to a technician who can look at the hardware issues, I was wondering if there are ways I can diagnose the system using linux tools. Can the issue happen due to bad blocks in the partition? The issue started after I used fdisk on the hard drive? Are there ways to confirm this?