debi: reinstall your VPS to minimal Debian

中文说明 ↓

This script is written to reinstall VPS/VMs to minimal Debian.

• ✔ KVM or physical machines ❌ Containers
• ✔ Debian or Ubuntu or Red Hat Linux as original OS with GRUB 2 bootloader
• ✔ MBR or GPT partition table
• ✔ Multiple disks or LVM
• ✔ IPv4 or IPv6
• ✔ Legacy BIOS or UEFI boot
• ✔ Most VPS or cloud providers
• ⚠️ Google Compute Engine - MUST manually specify IP/CIDR and gateway of VPC
• ⚠️ AWS EC2 or Lightsail - Does NOT work with UEFI boot

1. Generate a preseed file to automate installation
2. Download the 'Debian-Installer' to the /boot directory
3. Append a menu entry of the installer to the GRUB2 configuration file

Download the script with curl:

or wget:

Run the script under root or using sudo:

By default, an admin user debian with sudo privilege will be created during the installation. Use --user root if you prefer.

If everything looks good, reboot the machine:

Otherwise, you can run this command to revert all changes made by the script:

• --interface <string> Manually select a network interface, e.g. eth1
• --ethx Disable Consistent Network Device Naming to get interface names like ethX back
• --ip <string> Disable the auto network config (DHCP) and configure a static IP address, e.g. 10.0.0.2, 1.2.3.4/24, 2001:2345:6789:abcd::ef/48
• --static-ipv4 Disable the auto network config (DHCP) and configure with the current IPv4 address and gateway detected automatically
• --netmask <string> e.g. 255.255.255.0, ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
• --gateway <string> e.g. 10.0.0.1, none if no gateway
• --dns '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4'
• --dns6 '2001:4860:4860::8888 2001:4860:4860::8844' (effective only if IPv6 is specified)
• --hostname <string> FQDN hostname (includes the domain name), e.g. server1.example.com
• --network-console Enable the network console of the installer. ssh installer@ip to connect
• --version 12 Supports: 10, 11, 12, 13
• --suite bullseye Please use --version instead if you don't have special needs. e.g. stable, testing, sid
• --release-d-i d-i (Debian Installer) for the released versions: 12 (bookworm), 11 (bullseye) and 10 (buster)
• --daily-d-i Use latest daily build of d-i (Debian Installer) for the unreleased version: 13 (trixie), sid (unstable)
• --mirror-protocol http or https or ftp
• --https alias to --mirror-protocol https
• --reuse-proxy Reuse the value of http(s)_proxy environment variable as the mirror proxy
• --proxy, --mirror-proxy Set an HTTP proxy for APT and downloads
• --mirror-host deb.debian.org
• --mirror-directory /debian
• --security-repository http://security.debian.org/debian-security Magic value: 'mirror' = <mirror-protocol>://<mirror-host>/<mirror-directory>/../debian-security
• --no-account-setup, --no-user (Manual installation) Proceed account setup manually in VNC or remote console.
• --username, --user debian New user with sudo privilege or root
• --password <string> Password of the new user. You'll be prompted if you choose to not specify it here
• --authorized-keys-url <string> URL to your authorized keys for SSH authentication. e.g. https://github.com/torvalds.keys
• --sudo-with-password Require password when the user invokes sudo command
• --timezone UTC e.g. Asia/Shanghai for China (UTC+8) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones#List
• --ntp time.google.com
• --no-disk-partitioning, --no-part (Manual installation) Proceed disk partitioning manually in VNC or remote console
• --disk <string> Manually select a disk for installation. Please remember to specify this when more than one disk is available! e.g. /dev/sda
• --no-force-gpt By default, GPT rather than MBR partition table will be created. This option disables it.
• --bios Don't create EFI system partition. If GPT is being used, create a BIOS boot partition (bios_grub partition). Default if /sys/firmware/efi is absent. See
• --efi Create an EFI system partition. Default if /sys/firmware/efi exists
• --esp 106 Size of the EFI system partition. e.g. 106, 538 and 1075 result to 100 MiB, 512 MiB, 1 GiB respectively
• --filesystem ext4
• --kernel <string> Choose an package for the kernel image
• --cloud-kernel Choose linux-image-cloud-amd64 or ...arm64 as the kernel image
• --bpo-kernel Choose the kernel image from Debian Backports (newer version from the next Debian release)
• --no-install-recommends
• --apt-non-free-firmware, --apt-non-free, --apt-contrib, --apt-src, --apt-backports
• --no-apt-non-free-firmware, --no-apt-non-free, --no-apt-contrib, --no-apt-src, --no-apt-backports
• --install 'ca-certificates libpam-systemd' Install additional APT packages. Space-separated and quoted.
• --safe-upgrade (Default) apt upgrade --with-new-pkgs. See
• --full-upgrade apt dist-upgrade
• --no-upgrade
• --bbr Enable TCP BBR congestion control
• --ssh-port <integer> SSH port
• --hold Don't reboot or power off after installation
• --power-off Power off after installation rather than reboot
• --architecture <string> e.g. amd64, i386, arm64, armhf, etc.
• --firmware Load additional non-free firmwares
• --no-force-efi-extra-removable See
• --grub-timeout 5 How many seconds the GRUB menu shows before entering the installer
• --force-lowmem <integer> Valid values: 0, 1, 2. Force low memory level. Useful if your machine has memory less than 500M where level 2 is set (see issue #45). --force-lowmem 1 may solve it.
• --dry-run Print generated preseed and GRUB entry without downloading the installer and actually saving them
• --cidata ./cidata-example Custom data for cloud-init. VM provider's data source will be IGNORED. See example.

下载脚本：

运行脚本：

• --bbr 开启 BBR
• --ethx 网卡名称使用传统形式，如 eth0 而不是 ens3
• --cloud-kernel 安装占用空间较小的 cloud 内核，但可能会导致 UEFI 启动的机器（如 Oracle、Azure 及 Hyper-V、Google Cloud 等）VNC 黑屏。BIOS 启动的普通 VPS 则没有此问题。
• 默认时区为 UTC，添加 --timezone Asia/Shanghai 可使用中国时区。
• 默认使用 Debian 官方 CDN 镜像源（deb.debian.org），添加 --ustc 可使用中科大镜像源。

如果没有报错可以重启：

约 30 秒后可以尝试 SSH 登录 installer 用户，密码与之前设置的相同。如果成功连接，可以按 Ctrl-A 然后再按 4 监控安装日志。安装完成后会自动重启进入新系统。