Fix Safari SecurityError when Block All Cookies is enabled

Issue

When Safari's "Block All Cookies" setting is enabled, the Application Insights SDK throws a SecurityError with message "The operation is insecure" when attempting to access localStorage or sessionStorage. This error blocks the execution of subsequent JavaScript code on the page.

Root Cause

Safari with "Block All Cookies" enabled prevents access to localStorage/sessionStorage by throwing a SecurityError when attempting to directly access these properties. The current implementation in _getVerifiedStorageObject() triggers this error before the try-catch block can handle it.

Solution

1. Added a new helper function _canSafelyAccessStorage() that:

   • Uses Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor() as a safer way to check for storage availability
   • Falls back to a protected direct access attempt within its own try-catch block
   • Returns false when storage cannot be safely accessed

2. Modified _getVerifiedStorageObject() to:

   • First check if storage can be safely accessed before attempting any operations
   • Use a multi-layered try-catch approach to handle different failure scenarios
   • Properly document error conditions for better debugging

This change maintains compatibility with all browsers while ensuring Safari with "Block All Cookies" enabled gracefully degrades without throwing unhandled errors that block script execution.

Fixes #2494.

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