Food Self-Sufficient Countries in the World

Ranked: 50 Countries That Can Feed Themselves

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How prepared is your country to put three balanced meals on the table using only its own farms, orchards, and fisheries?

The infographic below ranks the 50 nations come closest to full food independence—and which key food groups still need to be imported.

The underlying data comes from a May 2025 study published in Nature Food called Gap between national food production and food-based dietary guidance highlights lack of national self-sufficiency by Stehl, J., Vonderschmidt, A., Vollmer, S. et al.

Researchers compared national production with Livewell dietary guidelines across seven major food categories: fruit, vegetables, legumes, starchy staples, meat, fish, and dairy.

ℹ️ The Livewell diet takes into account sustainability of food source as well, which may impact these rankings.

Self-sufficiency is achieved with a 100% rating in each category. Above it indicates export capacity and below indicates import requirements.

Guyana: The Only Country That Can Completely Feed Itself

Technically, Guyana stands alone with a perfect score across all seven food groups.

Country# of Food
Groups MetFruit (%)Vegetables (%)Legumes, Nuts,
and Seeds (%)

🇬🇾 Guyana	7	403	223	128
🇻🇳 Vietnam	6	125	150	107
🇨🇳 China	6	153	356	108
🇴🇲 Oman	5	112	159	0
🇻🇺 Vanuatu	5	110	43	4060
🇱🇦 Laos	5	207	194	66
🇵🇭 Philippines	5	189	49	116
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan	5	43	153	114
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan	5	177	239	34
🇱🇻 Latvia	5	14	23	353
🇹🇷 Türkiye	5	274	237	219
🇷🇴 Romania	5	135	80	339
🇵🇪 Peru	5	278	70	54
🇺🇦 Ukraine	5	51	128	295
🇪🇪 Estonia	5	3	15	489
🇭🇷 Croatia	5	77	246	452
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan	5	29	189	410
🇷🇸 Serbia	5	295	79	460
🇷🇺 Russia	5	33	66	107
🇱🇹 Lithuania	5	26	38	666
🇵🇾 Paraguay	5	120	35	7545
🇦🇷 Argentina	5	182	67	1587
🇧🇷 Brazil	5	210	41	2296
🇪🇸 Spain	5	438	204	114
🇦🇺 Australia	5	139	54	417
🇺🇾 Uruguay	5	144	41	3817
🇳🇿 New Zealand	5	388	120	32
🇲🇱 Mali	4	107	130	318
🇳🇪 Niger	4	29	133	736
🇨🇲 Cameroon	4	296	104	405
🇮🇩 Indonesia	4	108	41	187
🇹🇴 Tonga	4	107	222	222
🇸🇾 Syria	4	111	119	176
🇸🇳 Senegal	4	23	141	809
🇲🇲 Myanmar	4	66	74	656
🇸🇸 South Sudan	4	61	43	242
🇳🇵 Nepal	4	69	117	89
🇸🇷 Suriname	4	111	31	24
🇸🇰 Slovak Republic	4	15	13	254
🇧🇦 Bosnia & Herzegovina	4	135	171	50
🇦🇱 Albania	4	214	278	70
🇹🇳 Tunisia	4	199	233	72
🇲🇼 Malawi	4	243	81	333
🇮🇷 Iran	4	213	108	82
🇲🇦 Morocco	4	161	111	60
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan	4	136	152	44
🇬🇹 Guatemala	4	363	102	100
🇦🇲 Armenia	4	222	168	19
🇹🇭 Thailand	4	177	32	70
🇬🇷 Greece	4	525	142	70

Guyana’s fertile alluvial plains yield bumper harvests of rice and starchy roots. Riverine fisheries and pastureland boost meat and fish production to more than what its 900,000 residents require.

Few other countries crack the “all-star” club: Vietnam and China, meet six food groups and another 23 countries cover five.

The general takeaway is clear: total food self-sufficiency remains the exception, not the rule.

Europe’s Fruit & Veggie Gap

Fruit may seem abundant in European supermarkets, but the numbers tell a different story.

Among the top-ranked countries, Russia meets only 33% of its domestic fruit needs, Latvia, 13% and Estonia a mere 3%. Vegetable production is not much better for the same three countries.

However, Southern Europe does fare well in this regard.

Spain for example produces 4x the amount of fruits and vegetables its residents need, exporting the rest of it to north.

Asia’s Persistent Dairy Deficit

For much of Asia, milk and cheese are luxury imports.

Vietnam and China score well on five other food groups, but dairy self-sufficiency sits at only 14% and 29%, respectively.

CountryStarchy
Staples (%)Meat (%)Fish (%)Dairy (%)

🇬🇾 Guyana	561	319	194	111
🇻🇳 Vietnam	312	231	230	14
🇨🇳 China	179	301	154	29
🇴🇲 Oman	1	107	373	129
🇻🇺 Vanuatu	113	122	608	11
🇱🇦 Laos	477	161	103	0
🇵🇭 Philippines	143	161	101	0
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan	121	206	3	386
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan	114	215	14	535
🇱🇻 Latvia	703	240	176	742
🇹🇷 Türkiye	39	247	21	418
🇷🇴 Romania	238	267	4	322
🇵🇪 Peru	138	278	571	102
🇺🇦 Ukraine	534	281	6	298
🇪🇪 Estonia	459	282	191	995
🇭🇷 Croatia	246	306	60	210
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan	497	328	10	425
🇷🇸 Serbia	397	393	4	294
🇷🇺 Russia	281	396	119	267
🇱🇹 Lithuania	891	404	106	616
🇵🇾 Paraguay	645	582	19	125
🇦🇷 Argentina	829	749	71	383
🇧🇷 Brazil	183	764	24	258
🇪🇸 Spain	46	837	70	252
🇦🇺 Australia	309	1009	26	474
🇺🇾 Uruguay	416	1085	68	972
🇳🇿 New Zealand	61	1549	312	6100
🇲🇱 Mali	236	52	26	69
🇳🇪 Niger	142	52	9	101
🇨🇲 Cameroon	193	71	50	15
🇮🇩 Indonesia	172	90	166	0
🇹🇴 Tonga	122	96	23	0
🇸🇾 Syria	67	97	1	153
🇸🇳 Senegal	82	110	121	20
🇲🇲 Myanmar	318	112	225	26
🇸🇸 South Sudan	107	114	12	303
🇳🇵 Nepal	187	115	13	136
🇸🇷 Suriname	176	136	148	8
🇸🇰 Slovak Republic	265	136	3	234
🇧🇦 Bosnia & Herzegovina	59	141	4	223
🇦🇱 Albania	25	156	18	501
🇹🇳 Tunisia	18	158	43	170
🇲🇼 Malawi	221	165	42	17
🇮🇷 Iran	78	172	49	141
🇲🇦 Morocco	22	183	147	65
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan	94	190	1	317
🇬🇹 Guatemala	37	201	8	43
🇦🇲 Armenia	43	209	23	292
🇹🇭 Thailand	340	213	111	0
🇬🇷 Greece	41	213	53	257

The region’s tropical climate, smaller pastureland, and cultural dietary patterns all limit large-scale dairy herds.

Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan are rare exceptions, surpassing domestic dairy needs by leveraging high-altitude grazing.

Can the U.S. Feed Itself?

The U.S. is solidly middle of the pack, achieving food self-sufficiency in four out of seven food groups. This is around the same as Canada, and double that of the UK (two groups).

Here’s its scores broken down by food group:

• Fruit: 70%
• Vegetables: 61%
• Legumes: 1,259%
• Starchy Staples: 188%
• Meat: 717%
• Fish: 43%
• Dairy: 409%

From related coverage of U.S. farmland, it’s easily explained why the country outperforms in legumes, starchy staples, meat, and dairy.

Furthermore, as this National Geographic article explains, countries may easily have the capability to produce to meet their own requirements, but food imports may be cheaper in the long run.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

If you enjoyed today’s post, check out The Countries That Rely on Agriculture Exports on Voronoi, the new app from Visual Capitalist.