[Submitted on 26 Sep 2025]
Authors:Sergiu Bursuc (BAIF), Theodore Ehrenborg (BAIF), Shaowei Lin (BAIF), Lacramioara Astefanoaei (BAIF), Ionel Emilian Chiosa (MIT), Jure Kukovec (BAIF), Alok Singh (BAIF), Oliver Butterley (BAIF), Adem Bizid (BAIF), Quinn Dougherty (BAIF), Miranda Zhao (MIT), Max Tan (MIT), Max Tegmark (MIT)
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Abstract:We present and test the largest benchmark for vericoding, LLM-generation of formally verified code from formal specifications - in contrast to vibe coding, which generates potentially buggy code from a natural language description. Our benchmark contains 12,504 formal specifications, with 3,029 in Dafny, 2,334 in Verus/Rust and 7,141 in Lean. Of these, 6,174 are new unseen problems. We find vericoding success rates of 27% in Lean, 44% in Verus/Rust and 82% in Dafny using off-the-shelf LLMs. Adding natural-language descriptions does not significantly improve performance. We also find that LLM progress has improved progress on pure Dafny verification from 68% to 96% over the past year. The benchmark and vericoding results are shared at
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