Moon Dust Not as Damaging as Thought; Study Reveals Earth's Pollutants Are Worse

As countries race to conquer the Moon, a new study from the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) has revealed that lunar dust may pose less of a health risk to astronauts than previously thought. Published in Life Sciences in Space Research, the research suggests that lunar dust is significantly less toxic to human lung cells than common Earth-based air pollution.

The study, led by UTS PhD candidate Michaela B. Smith, examined the effects of advanced lunar dust simulants on human lung cells in a laboratory setting. "Our findings suggest that while lunar dust may cause some immediate irritation to the airways, it does not appear to pose a risk for chronic, long-term diseases like silicosis, which is caused by materials like silica dust," Smith explained.

Unlike Earth's urban dust, which triggered significant inflammation and toxicity in the tests, lunar dust simulants showed minimal cellular damage. The scientists noted that while lunar dust's sharp, jagged particles can irritate the respiratory system, they lack the severe health risks associated with Earth's pollution-laden particles.

ALSO SEE: Why Is Moon's 'Dark Side' So Different Than The Near Side? NASA Study Finally Answers

The study specifically targeted fine dust particles measuring 2.5 micrometers, which are small enough to evade the body's natural defenses and lodge deep in the lungs. Notably, the lunar simulants did not induce significant oxidative stress, a chemical process often responsible for particle-related toxicity.

The findings are particularly relevant as historical data from NASA's Apollo missions present lunar dust as a persistent challenge. During those missions, astronauts faced respiratory issues after extravehicular activities.

"When astronauts re-entered their landing module, fine dust that had clung to their spacesuits became airborne in the confined cabin and was subsequently inhaled, leading to respiratory issues, sneezing, and eye irritation," Smith said. The dust, disturbed by human activity on the lunar surface, adhered to spacesuits and equipment, creating a unique exposure risk in the microgravity environment of the spacecraft.

ALSO SEE: In Depth: Learn Everything There Is To Know About Earth's Only Natural Satellite; Formation, Rotation, And More

(Image: NASA)