A practical tmux cheatsheet for daily use. Covers essential commands for session control, window switching, pane splitting, and other common tasks.
Tmux Architecture Overview
Server
The background process that manages tmux sessions. A single server can manage multiple sessions.
Session
A collection of windows under a single name. Sessions can be detached (running in background) or attached (displayed in a terminal).
Window
Similar to a tab in a browser, each window occupies the entire terminal screen and can be divided into panes.
Pane
A rectangular division of a window running a single shell or program. Multiple panes can be displayed simultaneously.
Client
A terminal connected to a tmux session. Multiple clients can be attached to the same session simultaneously.
Prefix Key
The key combination (usually Ctrl+b) that signals to tmux that the next keystroke is a tmux command.
Common Pane Layouts Visualized
Essential Commands
Most critical commands to get started with tmux
Start a new named session
Attach to specific session
Detach from current session
C-b means Ctrl+b
Switch to window number 0-9
Navigate between panes
Arrow keys
Resize pane
Hold Ctrl and press arrow keys
Exit copy mode
When in copy mode
Scroll page up/down
When in copy mode
Move cursor
When in copy mode
Start selection
When in copy mode
Copy selection
When in copy mode
Session Management
Complete reference for creating, navigating, and manipulating tmux sessions
Start a new tmux session
Creates unnamed session
Start a new named session
Replace "mysession" with your session name
tmux new -s mysession -n mywindow
Start a new session with a named window
Attach to the most recently used session
Attach to a specific session by name
List all running sessions
tmux kill-session -t mysession
Kill/delete a specific session
Kill the tmux server and all sessions
Use with caution - terminates all sessions
Switch to a specific session (from within tmux)
tmux rename-session -t old-name new-name
Rename a session from outside tmux
Detach from current session
Session continues running in background
Rename current session
Shows prompt to enter new name
Switch to next session
Cycles through available sessions
Switch to previous session
Cycles through available sessions
Show session list
Interactive session browser
Choose client to detach
Useful when multiple clients attached
Create new session
Uses command mode to create session
Switch to last session
Requires custom keybinding in .tmux.conf
Window Controls
Complete reference for managing tmux windows
Create a new window
Added at the end of the list
Rename current window
Enter new name when prompted
Kill current window
Prompts for confirmation
List all windows
Shows interactive window list
Find window by name
Enter part of window name to search
Last active window
Toggle between current and previous
Go to window by index
Prompts for window index
Move window to index
Prompts for new index
Enter command mode
Type "swap-window -t <target>" to swap windows
Swap with previous window
Custom binding in .tmux.conf
Swap with next window
Custom binding in .tmux.conf
Create a new window with specified name
Replace "name" with your window name
tmux select-window -t :0-9
Select window by index (0-9)
tmux select-window -t :name
tmux rename-window "new name"
List all windows in current session
Pane Operations
Complete reference for creating, navigating, and manipulating panes
Split pane vertically (left/right)
Split pane horizontally (top/bottom)
Convert pane into a window
Creates a new window with this pane
Kill (close) the current pane
Move between panes in the indicated direction
Go to next pane (cycle through all panes)
Go to the previously active pane
Show pane numbers (press number to jump to that pane)
Numbers appear briefly - press the number key quickly
Toggle zoom (maximize/restore) current pane
Resize current pane in the indicated direction
Hold Ctrl while pressing arrow keys after prefix
Resize panes in steps of 5 cells
Hold Alt (Meta) while pressing arrow keys after prefix
Resize down by 10 cells
Can use -U (up), -L (left), -R (right)
Swap current pane with the previous pane
Swap current pane with the next pane
Cycle through preset layouts
Switch to even-horizontal layout
Switch to even-vertical layout
Switch to main-horizontal layout
Switch to main-vertical layout
Copy Mode & Scrollback
Complete reference for navigating, selecting, and copying text
Paste copied text
Paste content after copying
Move cursor
In vi mode: h, j, k, l
Go to top of buffer
In vi mode: gg
Go to bottom of buffer
In vi mode: G
Move to top/middle/bottom of screen
Move forward/backward one word
Start/first non-space/end of line
Start selection
In vi mode: v
Copy selection and exit copy mode
In vi mode: y
Append selection to buffer
Rectangle toggle (block selection)
In vi mode: C-v
Forward search
Type text and press Enter
Backward search
Type text and press Enter
Incremental reverse search
Vim-style
Incremental forward search
Vim-style
Get the Printable Version
Download our comprehensive tmux cheat sheet in PDF format for offline reference. Perfect for printing or keeping handy on your device.