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The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2025 is awarded to the Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai, “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”
László Krasznahorkai is a great epic writer in the Central European tradition that extends through Kafka to Thomas Bernhard, and is characterised by absurdism and grotesque excess. But there are more strings to his bow, and he also looks to the East in adopting a more contemplative, finely calibrated tone.
Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach
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118
literature prizes have been awarded since 1901
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literature prizes have been shared between multiple laureates
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18
women have been awarded the literature prize so far
See all Nobel Prize-awarded women
Watch the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 by Mats Malm, Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy, on 9 October 2025.
Behind the scenes of the Nobel Prize in Literature
Can I be nominated? What criteria do you use? Is there an age limit? Ellen Mattson, who helps to decide the Nobel Prize in Literature, answers frequently asked questions about the literature prize.
Nobel Prize in Literature 1993
Toni Morrison wrote about difficult circumstances and the dark side of humanity. Her books redefined the American canon.
Nobel Prize in Literature 2015
Svetlana Alexievich’s “documentary novels” critisised political regimes in the Soviet Union and Belarus.
Nobel Prize in Literature 1913
Rabindranath Tagore influenced both Indian nationalism and global humanist philosophy.
Can you match the right book title with the right Nobel Prize awarded author? Have a try!
The Nobel Prize laureates in chemistry 2025 have created molecular constructions with large spaces through which gases and other chemicals can flow. These constructions, metal–organic frameworks, can be used to harvest water from desert air, capture carbon dioxide, store toxic gases or catalyse chemical reactions.
Through the development of metal–organic frameworks, the laureates have provided chemists with new opportunities for solving some of the challenges we face.
Press release
Popular information: They have created new rooms for chemistry
Scientific background: Metal–organic frameworks
© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Interview – First reactions
As a ten-year-old child, 2025 chemistry laureate Omar Yaghi read a book about molecules and was immediately drawn to them. “Since then, I’ve chosen to investigate problems based on the beauty of molecules.”
Interview – First reactions
Richard Robson recounts how his new idea emerged and how, in the end, he just had to do something about it. He also offers some modest reflections on a long life in chemistry, which he says wasn’t exactly a vocation: “I sort of drifted into it, I couldn’t think of anything better to do.”
Prize announcement
Watch the announcement of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry by Professor Hans Ellegren, Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
A major question in physics is the maximum size of a system that can demonstrate quantum mechanical effects. This year’s Nobel Prize laureates conducted experiments with an electrical circuit in which they demonstrated both quantum mechanical tunnelling and quantised energy levels in a system big enough to be held in the hand.
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physics has provided opportunities for developing the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors.
Press release
Popular information: Quantum properties on a human scale
Scientific background: “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit”
© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Interview – First reactions
John Clarke, still stunned by the news, praises his co-laureates John Martinis and Michel Devoret, whom he worked together with in a lab in Berkeley, California, some 40 years ago.
Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach
Interview – First reactions
John Martinis talks about the excitement of learning how to investigate problems with his co-laureates four decades ago, and how that experience taught him what to aim for when building las in academic and industry subsequently.
Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach
Prize announcement
Prize announcement by professor Hans Ellegren, Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Interview – Member of the committee
Interview with Göran Johansson, professor in applied and theoretical quantum physics and member of the Nobel Committee for Physics 2025.
© Nobel Prize Outreach
The body’s powerful immune system must be regulated, or it may attack our own organs. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi made groundbreaking discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance that prevents the immune system from harming the body. Their discoveries have laid the foundation for a new field of research and spurred the development of new treatments, for example for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Press release
Popular information: They understood how the immune system is kept in check
Scientific background: Immune tolerance: The identification of regulatory T cells and FOXP3
© The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine. Ill. Mattias Karlén
Prize announcement
Watch the announcement of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and an interview with Rickard Sandberg, member of the Nobel Committee.
Interview – First reactions
Mary Brunkow talks about the power of genetics to unravel biology and how she feels it was an honour to have been one of the contributors to solving the puzzle of immune tolerance.
Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach
Interview – First reactions
In this conversation, Ramsdell speaks about the benefits of working in the environment of biotech and the joy of finding talented collaborators.
Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach
Interview – First reactions
Shimon Sakaguchi speaks about his surprise at the news and reflects on the fundamental research question that kept him dedicated to the field after many others abandoned it, a question that took over two decades to answer.
Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach
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Sir John B. Gurdon has passed away, aged 92. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 together with Shinya Yamanaka “for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent.”
Portrait of Sir John B. Gurdon.
Photo: Wellcome Library, London Kindly provided by Wellcome Library
Oslo, Nobel Peace Center
This exhibition features works from the 19th century to the present day—from Francisco Goya’s harrowing depictions of war, through Yoko Ono’s activist pieces, to Barbara Kruger’s bold, graphic messages.
Little Soldiers (2024-2025) by Nanna Heitmann / Magnum Photos. Photo from the Nobel Peace Center's Exhibition "War is Peace?" showing from 12 September 2025 to 7 April 2026.
Nanna Heitmann / Magnum Photos
Stockholm, Nobel Prize Museum
In the exhibition Fighting Disease – Three Stories From the Fields of Medicine, we meet a scientist, a doctor and a nurse who work to prevent disease, administer vaccines and search for new antibiotics.
Fighting disease: Shadows in sunlight.
Credit: Nobel Prize Outreach
Stockholm, Nobel Prize Museum
A large selection of artefacts from Nobel Prize laureates is on display.
Malala Yousafzai – awarded the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize – donated this scarf to the Nobel Prize Museum which she wore when she argued for all children's right to education at the United Nations headquarters in 2013.
Photo: Nobel Prize Museum
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Sir John B. Gurdon died on 7 October 2025, aged 92. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 “for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent.”
George F. Smoot passed away on 18 September 2025, aged 80. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2006 “for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation.”
David Baltimore died on 6 September 2025, aged 87. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 “for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell.”
Rainer Weiss passed away on 25 August 2025, aged 92. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 “for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves.”
